Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Pages 181-185, August 2010

Effects of Medication and Pathophysiology on 12-lead Electrocardiograms in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia

  • Pao-Huan Chen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Adult Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • ,
  • Shang-Ying Tsai

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Department of Psychiatry, Po-Jen General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
    • ,
  • Kuo-Hsuan Chung

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Received 29 December 2009; received in revised form 17 March 2010; accepted 27 April 2010.

Article Outline

Background

Cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of death among patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. We hypothesized that a combination of psychophysiology and the use of lithium, along with antipsychotics, alter electrocardiophysiological activity in bipolar and schizophrenic patients.

Purpose

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of psychotropic agents and the pathophysiology using 12-lead electrocardiograms (EKGs) in bipolar and schizophrenic patients.

Methods

The study involved three groups of patients: (1) 30 lithium/haloperidol-treated patients with bipolar mania (15 males, 15 females); (2) 33 lithium-free patients with bipolar mania (21 males, 12 females); and (3) 31 lithium-free schizophrenic patients (15 males, 16 females). Clinical data were obtained through a retrospective review of the medical records of all subjects.

Results

The mean PQ interval, QRS complex, and corrected QT (QTc) intervals did not differ among the three groups. Among those in the lithium/haloperidol-treated bipolar mania group, the QTc interval demonstrated a marginally significant correlation with serum lithium levels (r = 0.373; p = 0.05).

Conclusion

Pathophysiological changes or minor abnormalities of electrocardiophysiological activity in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients might not be displayed by routine 12-lead EKGs. Because of the limitations of 12-lead EKGs, bipolar manic patients who have higher serum lithium levels might have increased risks for QTc prolongation, and thus QTc intervals should be carefully followed-up in these patients.

Key Words:  bipolar mania , electrocardiography , lithium , QTc interval , schizophrenia

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PII: S1878-3317(10)60028-9

doi:10.1016/S1878-3317(10)60028-9

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Pages 181-185, August 2010

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